Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors have become increasingly popular in a wide range of applications due to their unique advantages. These systems offer {highefficiency, excellent mass transfer, and enhanced mixing capabilities. A key characteristic of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors is their {largecontact area to volume ratio, which facilitates h

Membrane Aerated Bioreactors (MABRs) are a cutting-edge approach for treating wastewater. Unlike classic bioreactors, MABRs utilize a unique combination of aerated membranes and enzymatic processes to achieve optimal treatment efficiency. Within an MABR system, oxygen is transferred directly through the reactor membrane that support a dense populat